Spårlöst erik
All Seasons
Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis that could positively or negatively affect personality development. For Erikson , , these crises are psychosocial because they involve the psychological needs of the individual i.
According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths that the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises.
Spårlöst - Aired Order - All Seasons
Failure to complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and, therefore, a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time. Trust vs. This stage begins at birth continues to approximately 18 months of age. During this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.
Trust : If the caregiver is reliable, consistent, and nurturing, the child will develop a sense of trust, believing that the world is safe and that people are dependable and affectionate.
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This sense of trust allows the child to feel secure even when threatened and extends into their other relationships, maintaining their sense of security amidst potential threats. Mistrust : Conversely, if the caregiver fails to provide consistent, adequate care and affection, the child may develop a sense of mistrust and insecurity. This could lead to a belief in an inconsistent and unpredictable world, fostering a sense of mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety.
Under such circumstances, the child may lack confidence in their ability to influence events, viewing the world with apprehension. Feeding is a critical activity during this stage. It sets the stage for their perspective on the world as being either a safe, dependable place or a place where their needs may not be met. This consistent, dependable care helps the child feel a sense of security and trust in the caregiver and their environment.
They understand that when they have a need, such as hunger, someone will be there to provide for that need. They may start to believe that their needs may not be met, creating anxiety and insecurity. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of hope.
Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
By developing a sense of trust, the infant can have hope that as new crises arise, there is a real possibility that other people will be there as a source of support. Failing to acquire the virtue of hope will lead to the development of fear. This infant will carry the basic sense of mistrust with them to other relationships. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an over-feeling mistrust in the world around them.
The balance between trust and mistrust allows the infant to learn that while there may be moments of discomfort or distress, they can rely on their caregiver to provide support. This helps the infant to build resilience and the ability to cope with stress or adversity in the future. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to approximately 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Autonomy : If encouraged and supported in their increased independence, children will become more confident and secure in their ability to survive. They will feel comfortable making decisions, explore their surroundings more freely, and have a sense of self-control. Achieving this autonomy helps them feel able and capable of leading their lives. Shame and Doubt : On the other hand, if children are overly controlled or criticized, they may begin to feel ashamed of their autonomy and doubt their abilities.
This can lead to a lack of confidence, fear of trying new things, and a sense of inadequacy about their self-control abilities. The child is developing physically and becoming more mobile, discovering that he or she has many skills and abilities, such as putting on clothes and shoes, playing with toys, etc.